11/28/2023 0 Comments Anatomy and physiology lumen learning![]() In the liver, hepatocytes either pass the glucose on through the circulatory system or store excess glucose as glycogen. After digestive processes break polysaccharides down into monosaccharides, including glucose, the monosaccharides are transported across the wall of the small intestine and into the circulatory system, which transports them to the liver. Glucose is the body’s most readily available source of energy. Cellular respiration oxidizes glucose molecules through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. This section will focus first on glycolysis, a process where the monosaccharide glucose is oxidized, releasing the energy stored in its bonds to produce ATP.įigure 1. Once the absorbed monosaccharides are transported to the tissues, the process of cellular respiration begins (Figure 1). Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of salivary amylase on starches and ends with monosaccharides being absorbed across the epithelium of the small intestine. ![]() Polysaccharides serve as energy storage (e.g., starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g., chitin in insects and cellulose in plants).ĭuring digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into simple, soluble sugars that can be transported across the intestinal wall into the circulatory system to be transported throughout the body. The complex sugars are also called polysaccharides and are made of multiple monosaccharide molecules. Glucose and fructose are examples of simple sugars, and starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all examples of complex sugars. The family of carbohydrates includes both simple and complex sugars.
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